- Roads: The systematic integration of highways, roads and streets is a major feature of town planning. This feature is unique in Mohenjodaro. Two major roads pass through the city. One runs from east to west in a straight line and the other from north to south. and intersect each other at right angles. The north-south route is some 33 feet wide. And on that first road many vehicles can pass simultaneously. The east-west road is so wide. Apart from roads, there are streets and alleys parallel to the main roads. The names of some of the streets and lanes are as follows: Main Street, Deoni Gali, Dakshin Gali, Uchi Gali, Nichi Gali, Vanki Gali, Madda etc. The streets and alleys were planned in such a way that the entire city would be sold in square and rectangular blocks. The plan is really respectable. Usually all the roads were unpaved. Attempts were made to build a pucca road in only a few sections. Care has been taken that there is no encroachment on the land of any building, road or street. Major roads were 30 feet wide, while roads were kept 15 to 18 feet wide and streets 8 to 12 feet wide. It is believed that there will be a strict and efficient local system due to the convenience of roads etc. Sewer Plan: Another special part of this culture’s town plan is its sewerage plan. which was unique in contemporary times. There was a plan of drainage and sewerage in every small and big bale to dispose of dirty water and garbage from all over the city. Along every main road there is a pothole inside the minor road. The hole was 4 to 12 inches deep and 12 to 9 inches wide. There was provision for automatic discharge of waste water and effluent from small wells to large sewers. Water cans were placed on the road on which the water of the houses on both sides used to collect. From time to time he finds evidence that correctional servants were cleaning him. Stairs were laid to get down there. These sewers are mainly made of brick. For this, large wide and specially curved bricks were made. The wooden lid will be covered over the khalkundi so that its remains cannot be found. Such a sewerage project is a testament to the engineering skills of those people. Doctor. Mack writes that the people of Mohenjodaro may be proud of their sewerage project, but we are also proud of it. , Houses: Mohenjodaro, the remains of houses were found collapsed in three volumes by Shri BG Gokhale. 1. Accommodation 3. Public Building 3. Great Bath No sculpture or decoration is visible in the architecture of these houses. There is absolute simplicity in this. So says Dr. Mazumdar, “It’s more about utility and convenience than art. While some believe that the sculpture and decoration of this building would have been made of wood, it did not survive. Another feature of these houses is that instead of falling on the road, their doors open into the street and windows are not installed in its walls. It hardly attracts travelers on the main roads of the city, yet the building has an astonishing grandeur of architecture as well as sophistication in its construction. The loss of artifacts for some time also comes to mind. The houses in the town are made of bricks, mud bricks and lime. In this, all the houses of Mohenjodaro are made of pure bricks. Most are 11 inches long, five and a half inches wide and two and a half to three and a half inches thick. There is usually a well in each house. Bathroom. Mori. Kitchen and pantry facilities were retained. Jajru facility was also available in some houses. The roof of the house was leveled and rain water was drained into the drain. The average size of small houses was 30×27 feet and the average size of large houses was twice that. Many houses will be built on one floor. The thickness of the walls of the lower storey is considered to be two or three-storey buildings on top of the remains of stairs to descend from the upper floor. The stairs were very narrow and the stairs were kept high. The floor of the house was flat. It is not yet known what he will do after leaving office. The ground floor of good houses was made of bricks. It would be customary to spread a mat on the floor floor.
- Public Houses: Apart from plain houses, remains of some public and large houses have also been found in both the cities. Nothing definite can be given about their exact form and use. In public houses we first discuss the main temple. In the Harappan culture, the building below the sangaram may have been of a temple of that time. It has not been further excavated so as not to hurt the religious sentiments of Buddhists. However, experimental excavations and excavations around it appear that the temple is much larger. It is built on a very high back. To its west are the school bathrooms. Also a big open square to its north. This suggests that this temple should be the main temple of the city. To the west of the temple is another huge building of 230 × 68 feet. From the thickness of its walls, it seems that it will be a two or three storey building. Situated between the main temple and the great bath. Hence it is considered as the residence of the chief priest and the school of the priest.
- Public Bath: A large bathroom is situated to the west of the school. It is 180 feet long and 108 feet wide. The bathhouse between them is 3 feet long and 3 feet wide and 8 feet deep. There are no stairs to descend into the bathing pool. Which is eight feet long, nine inches wide and eight and a half inches high. It also has molds for boys to bathe in. There was a system to enter and empty the bath water. Rooms and their galleries are also built around it. To the north of the bathhouse, around the narrow paths, are four-room garlands for bathing. According to Dr. Mackay, the public must have been bathing in the bath. While the religious leaders would be taking bath in these rooms. A separate bathroom was provided in each building for bathing. So the people here must be taking a bath on a public festival or a religious occasion. In this the bath found at Mohenjodaro shows the religious importance of bathing.
- Pavilion for the auditorium. John Marshall believes that this building appears to have a special arrangement of hot air in the construction of the walls and sidewalks. Excavations from the Mohenjodaro building have unearthed a room with a huge pillar of 87×85 feet. Inside, four Itari pillars arranged in four rows of five have been found. On top of which the ceiling of a huge room has been built. The vertical section is paved around it. A uniform strip of good three feet wide has been placed between each section. Doctor. Majumdar considers it a meeting room. When Dr. Mack describes it as a separate market hall for shops. One such huge building has also been found from Harappa. Which the evidence refers to as the pantry. It is 169 feet long and 12 feet wide. In addition, 16 small houses with identical 20×12 feet blocks have been found here from Mohenjodaro. It is divided into two sections and arranged in rows facing each other. Mr. Wheeler calls it the soldiers’ barracks. But the remains of a grain mill have been found near it. Therefore it is estimated that laborers and slaves also live in it.
બેઝલાઈન એસેસમેન્ટ એન્ટ્રી અને
🛑એકમ કસોટી માર્કસ
SARAL GUJARAT પર એન્ટ્રી કરવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કર
The most important and famous part of the Indus Valley culture is its pre-planned and systematic city building. Other contemporary or contemporary cultures of the world have no such special town planning except the Aegean culture. Its streets, alleys, lanes, gutters, houses, forts etc. have been constructed in such a planned and disciplined manner that the ruling class of that time could not live without the wonderful reflection of the intelligence and art of the engineers. Artisan. In many cities of New India, such a system has not yet been done. They may be proud of their achievements but we Indians are also proud of them. The Indus and its tributaries were declared at peak levels of flood risk, with Harappa built six times and Mohenjo-daro nine times.