The word ‘Language’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Lingue’ which means ‘produced with the
tongue’. Hence language means a thing which is produced with the tongue. Let’s see some of the
definitions by linguistic.
Edward Sapir:
“Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas,
emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols.”
Block and Tragers :
“Language is a set of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group
communicates.”
Otto Jespersen :
“Language is a set of human habits, the purpose of which is to give expression to human
thoughts and feelings especially to impart them to others.”
Bernard Bloch & George L. Trager:
“A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group
operates.”
If we analyze all these definitions, we get a comprehensive definition of language, that is;
“Language is a set of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group
operates, communicates and express their emotions, feelings and desires.”
Language is an inseparable part of human society. Human civilization has been possible only
through language (Naeem, 2010). Language is basically human. It is different from animal
communication. Let’s look at some of the characteristics of language;
a. Language is Learnt
Language is not a born activity as crying and walking. It is not an automatic process. It has to
be learnt. Any learner learns the language by imitation and practice.
b. Language is a acquired Behavior
Language is acquired behavior. If a baby or man is shifted to another community or cultural
group, he will acquire the language spoken by that cultural community. For example; if an
Indian family is settled in United Status, the children of the family will acquire the English
language with an American accent.
c. Language is a System
Language is a system like a human body, just as body functions through different organs
such as brain, heart, lungs. In the same way, language functions through sounds, words and
structures.
d. Language is Vocal
The language is primarily observed speech. Speech is a fundamental thing is language
learning, reading and writing are secondary. Through speech and modulation of speech, we
get a clear picture of English inflexion.
e. Ever changing
No language on earth is static. Every language is undergoing changes in its grammar,
vocabulary, structure and phonology with the course of time.
f. Language is for Communication
The main purpose of language is communication. Since it is so, a person’s speech must be
intelligible to others. For this, he must acquire the right pronunciation and intonation.
Principles of Language Learning
Children can learn any language as easily as walking, running, playing, etc. People generally
assume that those who study in English medium schools are good at English and those who study
in government schools are poor in English. Language learning has little to do with the medium of
school. It rather depends on teachers’ application of principles of language learning. Let us see
what the principles of language learning.
a. Habit Formation
Language learning is a habit formation process. It is a process during which various language
habits are formed. Therefore, listening, speaking, reading and writing habits are to be formed
consciously and unconsciously.
b. Practice and Drill
Language learning is a habit-forming process. For this purpose sufficient practice and drill is
needed.
c. Oral Approach
A child learns to speak his mother tongue before reading or writing it. This principle should
be adopted in learning and teaching a second or a foreign language.
d. Natural Order of Learning
Listening-Speaking-Reading-Writing (LSRW) is the natural order of learning a language. In
this order, a child learns his or her mother tongue without any formal instruction. So this
natural order of learning should be considered while teaching English.
e. Multi-Skill Approach
All the four language skills are to be given their due importance when learning or teaching
them. No skill should be overemphasized or neglected.
f. Selection and Gradation
One should proceed from simple to difficult in language learning; therefore, vocabulary and
structures of language should be selected and graded as per their frequency, teachability and
difficulty level.
g. Situational Approach
The English language should be taught in situations which is the natural way in which a child
learns his mother tongue.
h. Exposure
A child learns his mother tongue because he is exposed to it. While learning a foreign
language like English, exposure to it helps in learning it.
i. Imitation
The child learns his mother tongue by imitation. The English teacher must provide a good
model of speech before the learners. Audio-visual aids should be used.
j. Motivation
Motivation plays an important role in learning a language. Thus, learners should be
motivated.
k. Accuracy
The English teacher should insist on accuracy in all aspects of language learning. So learners
follow their teachers and consider them as a role model.
l. Purpose
Purpose of language learning should be decided in the beginning. So it becomes a simple
affair to design a course suitable for the purpose.
💥CCC અંગે લેટેસ્ટ પરીપત્ર તા.૦૭/૧૦/૨૦૨૨⤵️..ડાઉનલોડ માટે ક્લિક કરો
💥ખાસ રજા અંગે પરીપત્ર તા.૦૭/૧૦/૨૦૨૨⤵️..ડાઉનલોડ માટે ક્લિક કરો
આજનો લેટેસ્ટ પરીપત્ર તા ૦૭/૧૦/૨૦૨૨..ડાઉનલોડ માટે ક્લિક કરો
m. Multiple Approaches
The English teacher should not stick to a particular method of teaching. He should use all
methods, approaches and techniques of teaching English as per the needs and requirements of
learners.
n. Interest
The teacher should generate a great deal of energy and interest among learners so they will
pay attention to learning a language.
o. Co-relation
If teaching-learning of English is co-related with real life then learner will realize the need of
language learning and will take interest in it.
1.5 Nature of English Language
English is a varied language that has absorbed vocabulary from many languages of the world.
English is the most dynamic language of the world. Let us discuss the nature of English language
a. Receptive
Receptiveness is regarded as an extraordinary nature of English language. It has maintained
its open door policy. It has adopted and accepted thousands of words from European, Asian,
African, Indian, Japanese, Chinese and other languages. We can see a great impact on
classical languages like Latin, Greek, Arabic, French and Sanskrit on English. English has
the richest vocabulary due to its receptiveness (Kumari, 2014).
Activity 2
Enlist the activities normally teachers do while teaching English language in the
classroom.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Discuss the relevance of the above activities with the principles of language learning.
____________________________________________________________________-
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
b. Heterogeneous
As English contains vocabulary from many languages, it has become heterogeneous in
nature. In the process of adopting words from other languages, in some cases the original
words as it is without change in meaning, but in some other cases, the spelling, pronunciation
and meaning of original words from other languages was changed for instance; the French
word, ‘tour’ and the Latin word, ‘turris’ bacome ‘Tower’ in English (Kumari, 2014).
c. Systematic
The system of English language functions through sounds, words and structures. The system
of sound is known as phonology. The system of words is called as morphology whereas the
system of structures is named as syntax. All these three systems are integrated with one
another making an organic whole which is called as the English language.
d. Unique
English is unique in its nature. English is not 100% French, not German or Arabic, not Latin
or Greek. English is English. English differs from other languages in its sounds, words,
structures and functioning. Though English has adopted vocabulary from other languages, it
has shaped them remarkably as if these words are its own.
e. Dynamic
English is a dynamic language. It is constantly changing. These changes are regular and
systematic. If you study the history of English language, you will come to know the
difference between Old English, Medieval English and Modern English. The old English
words like; ‘thou and thee’ are now ‘you and your.’ In the age of technology, we have
developed ‘SMS English’ where many short forms are used such as; ‘you’ is written as ‘u’,
‘as soon as possible’ is written as ‘ASAP’, and ‘your’ is written as ‘ur’.
Our Bollywood stars mix Hindi with English, hence a new language comes into existence,
that is ‘Hinglish’, where some sentences are spoken in English and some in Hindi.
Sometimes, half of the sentence is spoken in Hindi and the other half in English. So English
is a dynamic language, therefore, it is continuously changing throughout the world.
f. Creative
English is a highly creative language, that’s why it has the richest literature in the world. A
writer or speaker can write or speak something he has never written or said before. English
literature has a wide variety of prose and poetry, fiction and non-fictional writing, such as;
એક દેશ એક પેન્શન ઉપર મુજબનો તમારા ફોટા સાથે ભાઈઓ માટે ફ્રેમ બનાવવા અહી ક્લિક કરો
દિવાળી પર કર્મચારી નો પગાર ક્યારે થશે જોવા માટે અહી ક્લિક કરો
આરોગ્ય કર્મીઓની હડતાલનો અંત વધુ વિગત માટે અહી ક્લિક કરો
IMPORTANT LINK
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ગણિત વિષય પેડાગોજી પાઠ આયોજન નમૂનો ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો
Important LINK
પર્યાવરણ આસપાસ વિષય પેડાગોજી પાઠ આયોજન નમૂનો ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો
ગુજરાતી વિષય પેડાગોજી પાઠ આયોજન નમૂનો ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો
Important link
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અંગ્રેજી વિષય-1 પેડાગોજી પાઠ આયોજન નમૂનો ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો
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પેડાગોજી પાઠ આયોજન કોરો PDFનમૂનો ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો
પેડાગોજી પાઠ આયોજન વર્ડ નમૂનો ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો
Pedagogy Path Aayojan Namuno And Video Upload Link
પેડાગોજીની સરળ સમજ આપતી PDF
શિક્ષક પર્વ અંતર્ગત વિદ્યા અમૃત પોર્ટલ પર વિડીયો અપલોડ કરવા માટેની લિંક
મહત્વપૂર્ણ લિંક
પેડાગોજી પાઠ આયોજન ઓલ ઇન વન માહિતી માટે અહીં ક્લિક કરો
Instruction or teaching can be regarded as a type of communicative behaviour intended to
cause the addressee to do something. It also includes advising and suggesting. For ex:
1. You should take some rest. (Advising)
2. You must not take things that don’t belong to you. (Control through warning)
3. If you steal again I will smack you. ( Control through threat)
4. You will make Mummy very unhappy if you steal again. (Control through emotional
appeal)
5. Parking is not allowed. (Control through rule)
c. The Interaction Function
‘To interact’ means to ‘to act one upon other or to talk with each other.’ The interactional
function of language refers to the use of language in the interaction between ‘self and others’.
It is a ‘me and you’ function. It is the contact-oriented function. It includes greetings (Good
Morning, Happy Diwali, Happy Eid, Congratulation), sympathy (I share your sorrow, Keep
patience, Allah will help you), gratitude (Thanks a lot, Thank you for your guidance, we are
grateful for your contribution), compliments (Your dress is very good. How beautiful she
is!), hostility (Go to hell, Get out of here), etc.
d. The Personal Function
The word ‘personal’ means private or of a particular person. The personal function of
language refers to the use of language to express personal feelings and meanings. It aims at a
direct expression of the speaker’s attitude towards what he is speaking about. For ex: A
poem, a speech, expression of love and sorrow, etc. Thus this function refers to the use of
language either to express the speaker’s feeling or to evoke feelings on the part of the
auditor.
e. The Heuristic Function
The term ‘heuristic’ is a theory in education based on the idea that a learner should discover
things himself. The heuristic function of language refers to language as a means of
investigating reality, a way of learning about things that are using language to learn and to
discover. It is the use of language for inquiry or questioning.
f. The Imaginative Function
‘To imagine’ means to form a picture of something in the mind, think of the probability of
things. The imaginative function of language refers to language used to create a world of the